Topic 1: MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS
Q 1: Name the bacteria that converts milk to curd by producing acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.
✅ Lactobacillus or Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Q 2: Fresh milk can be converted to curd by adding some curd containing ……………….
✅ Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Q 3: Name the vitamin which is increased when milk is converted to curd.
✅ Vitamin B12
Q 4: Eating curd is good for stomach as it contains which checks pathogens.
✅ Lactobacillus
Q 5: ………… in dough is used to make foods such as dosa, idli etc.
✅ Bacterial fermentation
Q 6: The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of
✅ CO2
Q 7: ……………. is used to make bread by fermenting dough.
✅ Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Q 8: ……… is made by fermenting sap from palms.
✅ Toddy
Q 9: Swiss cheese has large holes due to production of CO2 by a bacterium …………….
✅ Propionibacterium sharmanii
Q 10: ……………. is ripened by growing a specific fungus on them.
✅ Roquefort cheese
Topic 2: MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Q 11: Production of beverages, antibiotics etc. on an industrial scale, requires growing microbes in very large vessels called
✅ Fermentors
Q 12: ……………….. is used in the production of beverages by fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices to produce ethanol.
✅ Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer’s yeast)
Q 13: …………. are produced without distillation.
✅ Wine & Beer
Q 14: Whisky, Brandy, Rum, Gin, Arrack etc. are produced by …………. of fermented broth.
✅ Distillation
Q 15: The chemical substances produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of pathogens are called
✅ Antibiotics
Q 16: The first antibiotic Penicillin was discovered by
✅ Alexander Fleming
Q 17: Penicillin was extracted from a mould called
✅ Penicillium notatum
Q 18: The scientists …………. established full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic.
✅ Earnest Chain and Howard Florey
Q 19: Citric acid is produced by a fungus called
✅ Aspergillus niger
Q 20: A bacterium …………. is used to produce Acetic acid.
✅ Acetobacter aceti
Q 21: Butyric acid is produced by a bacterium ……….
✅ Clostridium butylicum
Q 22: Lactobacillus is a bacterium that can produce an acid called
✅ Lactic acid
Q 23: A fungus called …………… is used to produce ethanol.
✅ Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Q 24: ………. are the enzymes used in detergent formulations that help to remove oily stains from the laundry.
✅ Lipases
Q 25: Name the enzymes used to clarify bottled juices.
✅ Pectinases & Proteases
Q 26: ………….. produced by Streptococcus is used as a clot buster to remove clots from the blood vessels of patients who have myocardial infarction.
✅ Streptokinase
Q 27: Cyclosporine A is produced by a fungus called
✅ Trichoderma polysporum
Q 28: ……… is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients.
✅ Cyclosporine A
Q 29: ……… are blood-cholesterol lowering agents produced by a yeast Monascus purpureus.
✅ Statins
Topic 3: MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT
Q 30: Sewage is treated in …………. to make it less polluting.
✅ Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Q 31: During Primary treatment of sewage, the settled solids form the primary sludge and the supernatant form the …………….
✅ Primary effluent
Q 32: During Secondary treatment (Biological treatment) of water, primary effluent is passed into large ……… and constantly agitated.
✅ Aeration tanks
Q 33: Constant agitation of primary effluent in aeration tanks allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into ……………….
✅ Flocs
Q 34: The amount of O2 consumed by bacteria to oxidize all organic matter in one litre of water is called
✅ Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Q 35: The effluent is passed into a settling tank where the bacterial flocs are sediment. This sediment is called
✅ Activated sludge
Q 36: A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the ……….
✅ Inoculum
Q 37: The remaining activated sludge is pumped into large tanks called
✅ Anaerobic sludge digesters
Q 38: …………. initiated Ganga Action Plan & Yamuna Action Plan to save from water pollution.
✅ Ministry of Environment & Forests
Topic 4: MICROBES IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
Q 39: ………………. is a mixture of gases (mainly methane) produced by the microbial activity.
✅ Biogas
Q 40: ………………. grow anaerobically on cellulosic material and produce CH4.
✅ Methanogens / Methanobacterium
Q 41: ………………. is found in the anaerobic sludge and rumen of cattle for cellulose digestion.
✅ Methanobacterium
Q 42: The cattle dung (gobar) is rich in ………………. so that dung can be used for generation of biogas (Gobar gas).
✅ Methanobacterium
Q 43: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) developed technology of ………………. production in India.
✅ Biogas
Topic 5: MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS
Q 44: The use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests is called
✅ Biocontrol
Q 45: Name the bacteria that can be used as biocontrol agent to control butterfly caterpillar.
✅ Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Q 46: Name the free-living fungus present in root ecosystems that acts as biocontrol agent against several plant pathogens.
✅ Trichoderma
Q 47: Name the virus group that can be used as biocontrol agent to attack insects and other arthropods.
✅ Baculoviruses (especially genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus)
Q 48: ………………. are suitable for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications.
✅ Baculoviruses
Q 49: Baculoviruses are desirable in ………………. program to conserve beneficial insects.
✅ IPM (Integrated Pest Management)
Topic 6: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS
Q 50: …………. are organisms that enrich nutrient quality of the soil.
✅ Biofertilisers
Q 51: ………… is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules of leguminous plants.
✅ Rhizobium
Q 52: ………………. and ………………. are free-living bacteria in the soil that enrich the nitrogen content of the soil.
✅ Azospirillum and Azotobacter
Q 53: Symbiotic association of fungi such as Glomus with plants is called
✅ Mycorrhiza
Q 54: In mycorrhiza, the fungal symbiont absorbs ………………. from soil and passes it to the plant.
✅ Phosphorous
Q 55: ………………. are autotrophic microbes that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
✅ Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae)
Q 56: In paddy fields, ………………. serve as an important biofertilisers.
✅ Cyanobacteria