This includes questions from Class 11 Biology chapters.
Q 1: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(4) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
✅ (3) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
▶️ Muscidae – Family of housefly
▶️ Diptera – Order of housefly
▶️ Angiospermae – Division of flowering plants
▶️ Dicotyledonae – Class of dicot plants
Q 2: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
(2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(4) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
✅ (4) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
▶️ Kingdom Protista includes single-celled eukaryotes.
▶️ The cell contains a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Some have flagella or cilia.
▶️ Kingdom Protista is divided into Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds and Protozoans.
Q 3: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
✅ (1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Systems of Biological classification
▶️ 1. Artificial classification systems: Based on vegetative characters or superficial morphological characters such as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves, etc.
▶️ 2. Natural classification systems: Based on natural affinities among organisms. It considers external features and internal features.
▶️ 3. Phylogenetic classification systems: Based on evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Q 4: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
✅ (2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
▶️ Bioluminescence: Ability of animals such as ctenophores to emit light from the body.
▶️ Flame cells: Excretory structure of flatworms.
▶️ Metagenesis (Alternation of generation): The phenomenon in which polyps produce medusae asexually and medusae form the polyps sexually. E.g. Obelia.
▶️ Choanocytes (Collar cells): The cells that line Spongocoel & canals of sponges.
Q 5: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
▶️ Aschelminthes: Roundworms
▶️ Annelida: Segmented or Ringed worms
▶️ Arthropoda: Joint-legged animals
▶️ Mollusca: Soft-bodied animals
▶️ Hirudinaria: Blood sucking Leech
▶️ Wuchereria: Filarial worm
▶️ Locusta: A Gregarious pest
▶️ Chaetopleura: Chiton
Q 6: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals and petals in floral bud. It is several types:
▶️ 1. Valvate: Sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping. E.g. Calotropis.
▶️ 2. Twisted: One margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on. E.g. China rose, lady’s finger & cotton.
▶️ 3. Imbricate: Margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction. E.g. Cassia & gulmohur.
▶️ 4. Vexillary (papilionaceous): There are five petals; the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). E.g. pea & bean.
Q 7: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
▶️ Trichomes: Epidermal hairs on the stem. They are usually multicellular, branched or unbranched and soft or stiff. They may be secretory.
▶️ Guard cells: Two bean-shaped cells that surround a stoma.
▶️ Mesophyll: The tissue between upper and lower epidermis. It is made up of parenchyma. They contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
▶️ Bulliform cells: Large, empty, colourless epidermal cells that occur on the upper surface of the leaves of grasses.
Q 8: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
▶️ Frogs exhibit sexual dimorphism. Male frogs have vocal sac and a copulatory (nuptial) pad on the first digit of fore limbs.
▶️ In frog’s male reproductive system, vasa efferentia enter the kidneys and open into Bidder’s canal. It communicates with urinogenital duct and opens into cloaca.
▶️ Frogs have Hepatic portal system (venous connection between liver & intestine) and renal portal system (between kidney & lower parts of the body).
▶️ In frog’s heart, a triangular structure called sinus venosus joins the right atrium. It receives blood through vena cava.
Q 9: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
▶️ Robert Hooke: Discovered cell.
▶️ Theodore Schwann found that cells have a thin outer layer (plasma membrane). He also found that plant cells have cell wall. He proposed a hypothesis that animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells.
▶️ Schleiden & Schwann formulated the Cell theory.
▶️ Rudolf Virchow first explained that cells divide and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula-e cellula). He modified the cell theory.
Q 10: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
✅ (3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
▶️ Amino acids are the compounds formed of an amino group (-NH2), an acid group (-COOH), H & a variable group (R).
▶️ –NH2 & –COOH are attached to the same carbon atom (α-carbon). So, they are called α-amino acids.
▶️ Amino acids are substituted methanes.
Q 11: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Cell cycle includes 2 basic phases: Interphase & M Phase.
1. Interphase (resting phase): It is the phase between two successive M phases. It has 3 phases:
▶️ a. G1 phase (Gap 1): First growth phase. It is the interval between mitosis and DNA replication.
▶️ b. S (Synthetic) phase: In this, DNA replication takes place.
▶️ c. G2 phase (Gap 2): Second growth phase. Cell growth continues. Synthesis of RNA and proteins continues.
2. M Phase (Mitosis phase): It represents the actual cell division (mitosis).
Q 12: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (2) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Pigments are substances that can absorb light at specific wavelengths.
Paper chromatography shows the chromatogram of the following types of leaf pigments:
▶️ Chlorophyll a (bright or blue green): Chief pigment.
▶️ Accessory pigments: Chlorophyll b (yellow green), Xanthophylls (yellow) and Carotenoids (yellow to yellow-orange).
Q 13: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(2) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
(4) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
✅ (3) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
▶️ Glycolysis is the partial oxidation (breakdown) of glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3) in the absence of O2.
▶️ Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) enters mitochondrial matrix and undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in presence of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
▶️ Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle) is a metabolic pathway that oxidizes acetyl-CoA to generate ATP and precursor molecules for biosynthesis in cells.
▶️ In respiration, energy of oxidation-reduction is utilised for the phosphorylation. So this process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Q 14: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are small, simple molecules that regulate plant growth.
Based on the functions, PGRs are 2 groups:
▶️ Plant growth promoters: For growth promoting activities like cell division & enlargement, tropic growth, pattern formation, flowering, fruiting & seed formation. E.g. auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins.
▶️ Plant growth inhibiters: For growth inhibiting activities like dormancy & abscission. Respond to wounds & stresses of biotic and abiotic origin. E.g., ABA, Ethylene.
Q 15: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Respiratory volumes and capacities:
▶️ Tidal volume (TV) = 500 ml.
▶️ Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) = 2500-3000 ml.
▶️ Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) = 1000-1100 ml.
▶️ Residual volume (RV) = 1100-1200 ml.
▶️ Inspiratory capacity (IC) = TV + IRV = 3000-3500 ml.
▶️ Expiratory capacity (EC) = TV + ERV = 1500-1600 ml.
▶️ Functional residual capacity (FRC) = ERV + RV = 2100-2300 ml.
▶️ Vital capacity (VC) = ERV + TV + IRV = 3500-4500 ml.
▶️ Total lung capacity (TLC) = RV + ERV + TV + IRV or VC + RV = 5000-6000 ml.
Q 16: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(2) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(3) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
✅ (4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
An ECG consists of the following waves:
▶️ P-wave: Represents the depolarization of atria during atrial systole.
▶️ QRS-complex: Represents depolarization of ventricles during Ventricular systole.
▶️ T-wave: Represents the repolarisation of ventricles.
Q 17: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Some excretory organs in animals
▶️ Protonephridia (flame cells): In Flatworms, rotifers, some annelids & cephalochordate (Amphioxus).
▶️ Nephridia: In Annelids.
▶️ Malpighian tubules: In Insects.
▶️ Antennal or green glands: In Crustaceans (prawn etc.)
▶️ Kidneys: In higher animals.
Q 18: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(2) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(3) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
(4) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
✅ (1) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Joints are classified into 3 structural forms:
▶️ Fibrous joints: E.g. sutures b/w skull bones.
▶️ Cartilaginous joints: Bones are joined together with the help of cartilages. E.g. Joints between vertebrae.
▶️ Synovial joints: They have a fluid filled synovial cavity.
Types of synovial joint:
▶️ Ball & socket: E.g., Between humerus & pectoral girdle.
▶️ Hinge joint: E.g., Knee joint, elbow joint.
▶️ Pivot joint: E.g., Joint between atlas & axis.
▶️ Gliding joint: E.g., Joints between carpals.
▶️ Saddle joint: E.g., Joints between carpal & metacarpal of thumb.
Q 19: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(3) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (1) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
▶️ Thalamus: It is the structure around which the cerebrum wraps. It is a coordinating centre for sensory and motor impulses.
▶️ Hypothalamus: Seen below the thalamus. Controls body temperature, urge for eating & drinking. Secretes hypothalamic hormones.
▶️ Pons: Consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain. It regulates respiration.
▶️ Medulla oblongata: Connected to spinal cord. Controls respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, gastric secretions etc.
Q 20: Match List I with List II. 
(1) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
(2) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(3) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
✅ (4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
▶️ Cholecystokinin (CCK): Stimulates secretion of bile from gall bladder and pancreatic enzymes from pancreas.
▶️ Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP): Inhibits gastric secretion.
▶️ Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF): When BP increases, it causes dilation of blood vessels to reduce the BP.
▶️ Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): Stimulates reabsorption of water & electrolytes by DCT of kidney to reduce diuresis.