This includes questions from Class 11 Biology chapters.
Q 1: Poaceae and Poales are ………………. respectively.
(1) Family, order
(2) Order, family
(3) Genus, family
(4) Family, genus
✅ (1) Family, order
▶️ Family: It is a group of closely related genera. Generally, names of plant families end in –ceae. E.g., Solanaceae, Poaceae etc.
▶️ Order: It is an assemblage of related families. Generally, names of plant orders end in –ales. E.g. Polymoniales, Poales etc.
Q 2: Monera contain none of the following structures except
(1) Mitochondria
(2) Nucleus
(3) Endoplasmic reticulum
(4) DNA
✅ (4) DNA
▶️ Monera are prokaryotic organisms which includes bacteria and archaea.
▶️ They lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum.
▶️ They have DNA located in a region of the cell called the nucleoid.
▶️ DNA carries the genetic information necessary for the cell’s functions.
Q 3: Linnaeus’s artificial system of classification is based on
(1) Androecium structure
(2) Structure of leaves and flowers
(3) Natural affinities among organisms
(4) Chromosome number
✅ (1) Androecium structure
Artificial classification systems:
▶️ They were based on vegetative characters or superficial morphological characters such as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves, etc.
▶️ Linnaeus’s artificial system of classification was based on the androecium structure.
Drawbacks of Artificial classification systems:
🔸 They separated the closely related species since they were based on a few characteristics.
🔸 Equal weightage to vegetative & sexual features.
Q 4: Which of the following groups have only 2 germinal layers?
(1) Sycon, Fasciola, Pheretima
(2) Physalia, Hydra, Pleurobrachia
(3) Adamsia, Ascaris, Asterias
(4) Euspongia, Corals, Sepia
✅ (2) Physalia, Hydra, Pleurobrachia
▶️ Physalia & Hydra belong to the phylum Cnidaria and Pleurobrachia belong to Ctenophora. Animals coming under these two phyla exhibit diploblastic organization (two germinal layers such as outer ectoderm and inner endoderm).
▶️ The phyla from Platyhelminthes to Chordata exhibit triploblastic organization (three germinal layers such as outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm and inner endoderm).
Q 5: Which one of the following pairs of animals are similar to each other pertaining to the feature stated against them?
(1) Pteropus & Ornithorhynchus – viviparity
(2) Garden lizard & crocodile – 3- chambered heart
(3) Ascaris & Ancylostoma – metameric segmentation
(4) Sea horse & flying fish – cold blooded (poikilothermal)
✅ (4) Sea horse & flying fish – cold blooded (poikilothermal)
▶️ Pteropus is viviparous but Ornithorhynchus (platypus) is oviparous.
▶️ Garden lizards have a three-chambered heart, but crocodiles have a four-chambered heart.
▶️ Pheretima (Earthworm) shows metameric segmentation but Ancylostoma does not.
▶️ Both seahorses and flying fish are cold-blooded (poikilothermic), meaning their internal body temperature varies considerably.
Q 6: In some leguminous plants, the leaf base may be swollen. It is called
(1) Stipules
(2) Pulvinus
(3) Petiole
(4) Rachis
✅ (2) Pulvinus
A typical leaf has 3 main parts:
▶️ Leaf base: With this, the leaf is attached to stem. It may bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called stipules. In some leguminous plants, the leaf base may be swollen. It is called pulvinus.
▶️ Petiole: It helps to hold the leaf blade to light.
▶️ Lamina (leaf blade): Green expanded part with veins & veinlets. The middle prominent vein is called midrib.
Q 7: Regarding trichomes, which statement is incorrect?
(1) They are epidermal hairs on the stem.
(2) They may be secretory.
(3) They are unicellular, unbranched and soft.
(4) They help to prevent water loss due to transpiration.
✅ (3) They are unicellular, unbranched and soft.
Epidermal appendages
▶️ Root hairs: Unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells. They help to absorb water and minerals from the soil.
▶️ Trichomes: Epidermal hairs on the stem. They are usually multicellular, branched or unbranched and soft or stiff. They may be secretory. Trichomes help to prevent water loss due to transpiration.
Q 8: Which set is more correct about frog?
(1) Poikilotherms, ear pinna, 3-chamberd heart
(2) Homoiotherms, ear pinna, 3-chamberd heart
(3) Homoiotherms, tympanum, 3-chamberd heart
(4) Poikilotherms, tympanum, 3-chamberd heart
✅ (4) Poikilotherms, tympanum, 3-chamberd heart
▶️ Frogs are poikilotherms (their body temperature varies with the environment).
▶️ Frogs do not have an ear pinna, but they have a tympanum, a big visible eardrum on their heads that transmits sound waves to the protected inner ear.
▶️ Generally, only mammals have well-defined ear pinnae.
Q 9: Correct order of layers of cell envelope in prokaryotic cells from inner to outer is
(1) Plasma membrane, cell wall, glycocalyx
(2) Glycocalyx, cell wall, Plasma membrane
(3) Plasma membrane, glycocalyx, cell wall
(4) Cell wall, Plasma membrane, glycocalyx
✅ (1) Plasma membrane, cell wall, glycocalyx
Layers of cell Envelope in prokaryotes
▶️ Glycocalyx: Outer layer. Its composition and thickness vary in different bacteria. It may be a slime layer (loose sheath) or capsule (thick & tough).
▶️ Cell wall: Middle layer. Seen in all prokaryotes except mycoplasma. It gives shape to the cell and provides structural support to prevent the bacterium from bursting or collapsing.
▶️ Plasma membrane: Inner layer. It is semi-permeable in nature and interacts with the outside. This is structurally similar to that of the eukaryotes.
Q 10: Chitin is found in
(1) Cell wall of fungi and Exoskeleton of crabs and prawns
(2) Exoskeleton of insects and cell wall of plants
(3) Exoskeleton of crabs and prawns and cell wall of algae
(4) Cell wall of fungi and exoskeleton of reptiles
✅ (1) Cell wall of fungi and Exoskeleton of crabs and prawns.
▶️ Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose.
▶️ Chitin is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans (which include crabs and prawns), and insects.
Q 11: Three phases involved in interphase are
(1) G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase
(2) G1 phase, karyokinesis, cytokinesis
(3) G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
(4) G1 phase, S phase, M phase
✅ (3) G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
Interphase (resting phase) is the phase between two successive M phases. It lasts more than 95% of the duration of cell cycle.
It has 3 phases:
▶️ G1 phase (First Gap): The cell grows, copies organelles, and prepares machinery for the DNA replication.
▶️ S (Synthetic) phase: DNA replication occurs.
▶️ G2 phase (Second Gap): The cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.
Q 12: In an experiment demonstrating the evolution of oxygen in Hydrilla, sodium bicarbonate is added to the water in the setup. What would happen if all other conditions are favourable?
(1) Amount of oxygen evolved decreases as the availability of CO2 increases.
(2) Amount of oxygen evolved increases as CO2 in water is absorbed by sodium bicarbonate.
(3) Amount of oxygen evolved decreases as CO2 in water is absorbed by sodium bicarbonate.
(4) Amount of oxygen evolved increases as the availability of CO2 increases.
✅ (4) Amount of oxygen evolved increases as the availability of CO2 increases.
▶️ The addition of sodium bicarbonate to water increases the availability of CO2 because it breaks down and releases CO2. This in turn increases the rate of photosynthesis and leads to an increased evolution of oxygen.
Q 13: Glycolysis occurs in
(1) Cytoplasm of prokaryotes and mitochondria of eukaryotes
(2) Mitochondrial matrix of prokaryotes and cytoplasm of eukaryotes
(3) Cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
(4) Mitochondria of prokaryotes & eukaryotes
✅ (3) Cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
▶️ Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate.
▶️ This takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
▶️ It can occur in either the presence or absence of oxygen.
Q 14: Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(1) Adenine derivative – Kinetin
(2) Carotenoid derivative – ABA
(3) Terpenes – IAA
(4) Indole compounds – IBA
✅ (3) Terpenes – IAA.
▶️ Kinetin is a type of cytokinin hormone. It is an adenine derivative.
▶️ Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone derived from carotenoids.
▶️ IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and indole butyric acid (IBA) belong to the class of compounds known as auxins. They are indole compounds.
▶️ Terpenes are a large class of organic compounds produced by various plants, fungi, and some insects. Gibberellic acid (GA3) belongs to Terpenes.
Q 15: Tidal volume for a healthy man in an hour would be
(1) 360000 – 480000 ml
(2) 3600 – 4800 ml
(3) 480000 – 600000 ml
(4) 4800 – 6000 ml
✅ (1) 360000 – 480000 ml
▶️ Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing, without any extra effort.
▶️ The typical tidal volume for a healthy adult is around 500 mL per breath.
▶️ Normal respiratory rate is 12-16 times per minute. i.e., 720-960 times per hour.
∴ TV per hour would be
720-960 x 500 = 360000 - 480000 ml
Q 16: Arteries are best defined as the vessels which
(1) Carry blood away from heart to different organs
(2) Break up into capillaries which reunite to form a vein
(3) Carry blood from one visceral organ to another visceral organ
(4) Supply oxygenated blood to different organs
✅ (1) Carry blood away from heart to different organs
▶️ Arteries do not break up into capillaries, and veins do not reunite to form a vein. Arteries branch into smaller vessels, arterioles, which then lead to capillaries.
▶️ Generally, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the various tissues and organs. But there is an exception that the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Q 17: Which one of the following characteristics is common both in human and adult frogs?
(1) Four-chambered heart
(2) Internal fertilization
(3) Nucleated RBCs
(4) Ureotelism
✅ (4) Ureotelism
▶️ Both humans and adult frogs exhibit ureotelism (excrete urea as a nitrogenous waste product).
▶️ Humans have 4-chambered heart, but frogs have a 3-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle).
▶️ Humans exhibit internal fertilization, but frogs undergo external fertilization.
▶️ Frogs have nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), whereas humans have enucleated (non-nucleated) RBCs.
Q 18: Which of the following does not show amoeboid movement in human?
(1) Macrophages
(2) Neutrophils
(3) Monocytes
(4) Spermatozoa
✅ (4) Spermatozoa
▶️ Amoeboid movement is the movement by pseudopodia formed by streaming of protoplasm as in Amoeba. Cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments also help for this. E.g. Macrophages & leucocytes.
▶️ Flagellar movement helps in the swimming of spermatozoa.
Q 19: A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumor in
(1) Medulla oblongata
(2) Pons
(3) Cerebellum
(4) Hypothalamus
✅ (4) Hypothalamus
▶️ Hypothalamus is a part of the brain that plays a crucial role in temperature regulation, thirst, and control of appetite.
▶️ A tumor in the hypothalamus can disrupt these functions, leading to symptoms such as abnormally low body temperature, extreme thirst, and loss of appetite.
Q 20: Which of the following is the correct definition of hormones?
(1) They are non-nutrients that act as intracellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts
(2) They are nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in moderate amounts
(3) They are non-nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts
(4) They are nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in moderate amounts
✅ (3) They are non-nutrients that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.
▶️ Hormones are referred to as non-nutrients because they neither provide energy nor serve as building blocks for the body's structure.
▶️ They are produced in trace amounts and act as messengers that transmit signals between cells and tissues to regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.