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EVOLUTION
QUESTIONS
1 Score Questions
1. Which theory states that the units of life (spores) were transferred to different planets including earth?
2. Which of the following sets of gases
were used in Miller’s experiment?
a. CH4, NO2, H2O, CO2
b. NH3, CH3. H2O,
H2
c. H2, CH4, NH3, H2O
d. H2O, N, CH4,
H2
3. Note the relationship between the
first pair and complete second pair.
Heart of vertebrates: Homologous organ
Flippers of penguin and Dolphin: .....................
4. …………… is
the evolution of different species from an ancestor in a geographical area
starting from a point.
5. Theory of Inheritance of acquired characters is
proposed by ………………
6. Nam the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of
Evolution.
7. The gene flow by chance causing change in frequency is called …………….
2 Score Questions
8. Theory of chemical evolution is a version of
theory of abiogenesis. Analyse the statement.
9. Observe the concept diagram given
below.
a. Identify the type of evolution in A
and B.
b. Write one example each for
homologous and analogous organs.
10. The given pictures show the beaks of Darwin’s
finches seen in Galapagos island during Darwin’s journey.
a. What phenomenon in evolution is represented in the
picture?
b. Explain the phenomenon with the help of an
additional example.
11. Match the following:
|
a. Natural selection |
1. Convergent
evolution |
|
b. Inheritance of
acquired characters |
2. Dark winged
and white winged moths |
|
c. Analogous
structures |
3. Charles Darwin |
|
d. Industrial melanism |
4. Long neck of
Giraffe |
12. Hugo de Vries proposed Mutation Theory of
evolution.
a.
In which plant de Vries conducted his experiments?
b.
Mention any 3 differences between mutation and
Darwinian variation.
13. Diagrammatic representation of the
operation of the natural selection in a population is given.
Redraw the diagram
when nature select large sized and small sized individuals.
14. Arrange the following in a
hierarchical manner in ascending order based on their period of evolution.
Homo erectus, Rama pithecus, Australopithecus,
Dryopithecus, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal man, Homo habilis
15. Statements below show features of some human fossils.
Read carefully and identify the fossil.
a. Human like being with brain capacity 650-800cc.
b. Lived in east and central Asia with brain capacity
1400 cc.
3 Score Questions
16. Categorize the following examples into
Homologous organ and analogous organ.
· Fore limb of whale and bat
· Thorns of Bougainvillea & tendrils of Cucurbita.
· Wings of butterfly and bat.
· Heart of man and cheetah.
· Eye of octopus and mammals.
· Sweet potato and potato.
17. Observe the diagrammatic representation given
below.
a. Label A and mention the phenomenon.
b. How can it consider as an evidence of evolution?
c. Write any other example for this phenomenon.
Explain.
18. A collection of peppered moths made
in England during different period is given below.
|
Types
of moths |
Years |
||
|
1850 |
1920 |
1980 |
|
|
White
winged moth |
1200 |
305 |
1150 |
|
Dark
winged moth |
315 |
1100 |
302 |
a. What is your observation?
b. Name the evolutionary process behind
this process.
c. Write the reason for decreased
number of white winged moth in 1920.
19. Read the principle and answer the
question:
“Allele frequencies in a population
are stable and are constant from generation to generation called genetic equilibrium.”
a. Name the principle mentioned here.
b. Mention any three factors affecting
equilibrium.
c. What is the significance of
disturbance occur in genetic equilibrium?
20. Match the following:
|
A |
B |
|
Genetic drift |
Brain capacity 900 cc |
|
Disruptive selection |
Founder effect |
|
Dryopithecus |
Evolved to first amphibians |
|
Homo erectus |
Individuals of both extremes are more favoured. |
|
Lobefins |
Largest Dinosaur |
|
Tyrannosaurus rex |
Ape like |
21. Given below is the diagrammatic
representation of operation of natural selection on different traits.
a. Identify the type of natural selection
A, B & C.
b. Briefly explain each of them.
1. Theory of
Panspermia.
2. (d) H2, CH4, NH3,
H2O
3. Analogous organs.
4. Adaptive radiation.
5. Lamarck.
6. Branching descent and natural selection.
7. Genetic drift.
8. This statement is true to some extent. Theory of
abiogenesis states that life came out
of some non-living matters. Theory of chemical evolution states that the first form of life was
originated from inorganic & organic molecules. Thus both
theories say about the origin of life from non-living things.
9. (a) A= Divergent evolution. B=
Convergent evolution.
(b) Homologous organs: E.g. Human hand, Whale’s flippers, Bat’s wing
& Cheetah’s foot.
Analogous organs: E.g. Wings of insects and wings of birds.
10. (a) Adaptive radiation.
(b) Adaptive
radiation is the evolution of different species from an ancestor in a
geographical area starting from a point. E.g. Marsupial radiation in Australia.
11.
|
a. Natural selection |
3. Charles Darwin |
|
b. Inheritance of
acquired characters |
4. Long neck of
Giraffe |
|
c. Analogous structures |
1. Convergent
evolution |
|
d. Industrial melanism |
2. Dark winged
and white winged moths |
12. (a) Evening primrose.
(b) Darwinian variation is minor, slow and directional. It
results in gradual evolution.
Mutational
variation is sudden, random & directionless.
13.
14. Dryopithecus → Ramapithecus → Australopithecines → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal
man → Homo sapiens
15. (a) Homo habilis.
(b) Neanderthal man.
16. Examples for Homologous organ and
analogous organ:
|
Homologous organs |
Analogous organs |
|
Fore limb of whale & bat |
Wings of butterfly & bat |
|
Thorns of Bougainvillea & tendrils of Cucurbita |
Eye of octopus and mammals |
|
Heart of man and cheetah |
Sweet potato and potato |
17. (a) A= Marsupial radiation. The phenomenon is
Adaptive radiation.
(b) It is an evolution of different species of marsupials
from an ancestor in Australia. It is a type of divergent evolution.
(c) Darwin’s finches in Galapagos
Islands.
18. (a) It denotes the variations in the number of
white winged moths and dark winged moths in different periods.
(b) Natural selection.
(c) After industrialization (1920), the tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and
soot. No growth of lichens. So white winged moths did not survive because the
predators identified them easily. Dark winged moth survived because of suitable
dark background.
19. (a) Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
(b) Gene migration, Genetic drift,
Natural selection, mutation etc.
(c) It results in evolution.
20.
|
A |
B |
|
Genetic drift |
Founder effect |
|
Disruptive selection |
Individuals of both extremes are more favoured. |
|
Dryopithecus |
Ape like |
|
Homo erectus |
Brain capacity 900 cc |
|
Lobefins |
Evolved to first amphibians |
|
Tyrannosaurus rex |
Largest Dinosaur |
21. (a) A= Stabilizing selection. B=
Directional selection. C= Disruptive selection.
(b) Stabilizing
selection: Here,
more individuals acquire mean
character value and variation is reduced.
Directional
selection: Individuals of one extreme are more favoured.
Disruptive selection: Individuals of both extremes are more favoured.
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