BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
2020 MARCH
1. Select the enzyme that facilitate the
following reaction: (Score 1)
a. Succinic
dehydrogenase
b. RuBiSCO
c. Carbonic
anhydrase
d. Lipase
✔️Answer: (c) Carbonic anhydrase
2. Distinguish
between the following terms: (Score 2)
a. IRV, ERV
b. Tidal volume,
Residual volume.
✔️Answer:
(a) IRV: Additional
volume of air a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration.
ERV: Additional volume of air a person can expire by a forcible
expiration.
(b) Tidal Volume: Vole of air
inspired or expired during normal respiration.
Residual volume: Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forcible
expiration.
2019 JULY
1. List the major factors affecting the
dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin in the tissues. (Score 2)
✔️Answer:
Low PO2, high PCO2,
high H+, high temperature.
2019 MARCH
1. Distinguish between: (Score 2)
a. Tidal volume and
Residual volume
b. Vital capacity and
Total lung capacity.
✔️Answer:
(a) Tidal volume: Volume
of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration.
Residual
volume: Volume of air remaining in
lungs after a forcible expiration.
(b) Vital
capacity: Volume of air that can
breathe in after a forced expiration.
Total lung
capacity: Total volume of air in the
lungs after a maximum inspiration.
2019 MODEL
1. Analyze the concept map given below and if
have mistake, reconstruct it. (Score 2)
✔️Answer:
2018 AUGUST
1. a) Identify the graph given below. (Score 2)
b) List the factors
responsible for the formation and dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin.
✔️Answer:
a) Oxygen-Hb dissociation curve.
b) PO2, PCO2, H+ concentration,
Temperature.
2018 MARCH
1. Distinguish between the following: (Score 2)
a) IRV and ERV
b) IC and EC
✔️Answer:
(a) Inspiratory
reserve volume (IRV): Additional volume of air that
can inspire by forceful inspiration.
Expiratory
reserve volume (ERV): Additional
volume of air that can expire by a forceful expiration.
(b) Inspiratory
capacity (IC): Total volume of air inspired after a normal expiration.
Expiratory capacity (EC): Total volume of air expired after a normal inspiration.
2018 MODEL
1. "In the tissues, the conditions are
favorable for dissociation of oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin''
Write any four favourable conditions in the tissues for the dissociation of O2
from oxyhaemoglobin. (Score 2)
✔️Answer:
Low pO2,
high pCO2, high H+ ions & high temperature.
2017 MARCH
1. Differentiate
the process of inspiration and expiration. (Score 2)
|
Inspiration |
Expiration |
|
…………………… …………………… |
…………………… …………………… |
✔️Answer:
|
Inspiration |
Expiration |
|
· Active intake of air into
lungs. · Diaphragm and external
intercostal muscles contract. |
· Passive expelling of
air from the lungs. · Diaphragm and external
intercostal muscles relax. |
2016 MARCH
1. Carbon
dioxide transport in the form of bicarbonate ion is picturized below. Observe
the diagram and identify the enzyme. (Score 1)
✔️Answer: Carbonic anhydrase.
2. Carefully
observe the given Sigmoid curve on the graph and answer the following
questions. (Score 2)
a) What does the graph indicates’?
b) What are the three facts affecting the
Sigmoid pattern of the graph.
✔️Answer:
(a) Oxygen-Hb
dissociation curve.
(b) PO2, PCO2,
H+ concentration, Temperature.
2015 SEPTEMBER
(IMPROVEMENT)
1. Correct
the following misconceptions of a student regarding human respiration. (Score 2)
a. Vital capacity includes tidal volume, residual volume and dead air.
b. Respiration is controlled by nerve centres located in hypothalamus and cerebrum.
✔️Answer:
(a) Vital capacity includes tidal
volume, IRV & ERV.
(b) Respiration is controlled by nerve
centres located in Pons and medulla oblongata.
2015 MARCH
1. Asthma
and emphysema are two disorders of the human respiratory system. Mention their
causes and symptoms. (Score 2)
✔️Answer:
Asthma: Difficulty in breathing causing
wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.
Emphysema: Damage of alveolar walls. Major cause
is cigarette smoking.