4. ANIMAL KINGDOM
- Grades of organization:
- Organ system.
- Symmetry:
- Adults radial. Larvae bilateral.
- Germ layers:
- Triploblastic.
- Coelom:
- Coelomate.
- Habit and habitat:
- Exclusively marine.
- Digestive system:
- Complete.
- Ventral mouth and dorsal anus.
- Respiratory system:
- Skin gills. Water Vascular system.
- Circulatory system:
- Open type.
- Reproduction:
- Dioecious.
- External fertilization.
- Development is indirect.
- Ciliated free-swimming larva.
- Unique features:
- They have an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles (Spiny bodied).
- Head absent.
- Water vascular system for locomotion, respiration, capture & transport of food.
- Excretory system absent.
- Examples:
- Asterias (Starfish)
- Echinus (Sea Urchin)
- Echinocardium
- Antedon (Sea Lily)
- Cucumaria (Sea Cucumber)
- Ophiura (Brittle Star)
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👇 Select Your Topic Here 👇
- Topic 1: Basis of Classification
- Topic 2: Porifera
- Topic 3: Cnidaria
- Topic 4: Ctenophora
- Topic 5: Platyhelminthes
- Topic 6: Aschelminthes
- Topic 7: Annelida
- Topic 8: Arthropoda
- Topic 9: Mollusca
- Topic 10: Echinodermata
- Topic 11: Hemichordata
- Topic 12: Chordata - up to Sub phylum Vertebrata
- Topic 13: Chordata - Cyclostomata, Pisces
- Topic 14: Chordata - Tetrapoda
