Biology Notes for Class 12 (Web Notes)

Biology Notes for Class 12 / Plus Two / CBSE

Simple and Comprehensive Biology Notes for Class 12. Strictly based on NCERT. These are important material for NEET aspiratnts also.

For Class 11 Notes CLICK HERE.

Part-1 Botany

• 1. Reproduction in organisms
  • Topic 1: Asexual Reproduction
  • Topic 2: Sexual Reproduction
  • Topic 3: Events in Sexual Reproduction
• 2. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
  • Topic 1: Structure of Flower
  • Topic 2: Pollination
  • Topic 3: Fertilization and post-fertilization events
• 3. Strategies for enhancement in food production
  • Topic 1: Animal Husbandry
  • Topic 2: Plant Breeding
  • Topic 3: Single Cell Proteins and Tissue Culture
• 4. Biotechnology: Principles and processes
  • Topic 1: Principles of Biotechnology
  • Topic 2: Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
  • Topic 3: Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
• 5. Biotechnology and its applications
  • Topic 1: Applications in Agriculture
  • Topic 2: Applications in Medicine
  • Topic 3: Transgenic Animals, Ethical Issues
• 6. Organisms and populations
  • Topic 1: Organisms and its Environment
  • Topic 2: Responses to Abiotic Factors
  • Topic 3: Populations
  • Topic 4: Population Growth
  • Topic 5: Population Interactions
• 7. Ecosystem
  • Topic 1: Ecosystem- Structure and Function
  • Topic 2: Productivity, Decomposition
  • Topic 3: Energy Flow
  • Topic 4: Ecological Pyramids
  • Topic 5: Ecological Succession
  • Topic 6: Nutrient Cycling, Ecosystem Services
• 8. Environmental issues
  • Topic 1: Air Pollution and its Control
  • Topic 2: Water pollution and its Control
  • Topic 3: Wastes and their Effects
  • Topic 4: Greenhouse Effects, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion
  • Topic 5: Degradation by Improper Resource Utilization

Part-2 Zoology

• 1. Human Reproduction
  • Topic 1: Male reproductive system
  • Topic 2: Female Reproductive system
  • Topic 3: Spermatogenesis
  • Topic 4: Oogenesis
  • Topic 5: Menstrual Cycle
  • Topic 6: Fertilization and Implantation
  • Topic 7: Pregnancy, Embryonic development, Parturition, Lactation
• 2. Reproductive health
  • Topic 1: Problems and Strategies, Birth Control Methods
  • Topic 2: MTP and STIs
  • Topic 3: Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
• 3. Principles of inheritance and variation
  • Topic 1: Mendel's Experiments
  • Topic 2: Inheritance of One Gene
  • Topic 3: Inheritance of Two Genes
  • Topic 4: Other Patterns of Inheritance
  • Topic 5: Chromosomal Theory, Morgan's Experiment
  • Topic 6: Sex Determination
  • Topic 7: Mutation and Pedigree Analysis
  • Topic 8: Genetic Disorders (Mendelian and Chromosomal)
• 4. Molecular Basis of Inheritance
  • Topic 1: The DNA
  • Topic 2: The Search for Genetic Material
  • Topic 3: Properties of Genetic Material, RNA World
  • Topic 4: DNA Replication
  • Topic 5: Transcription
  • Topic 6: Genetic Code, Types of RNA
  • Topic 7: Translation (Protein Synthesis)
  • Topic 8: Regulation of Gene Expression, Operon Concept
  • Topic 9: Human Genome Project (HGP)
  • Topic 10: DNA Fingerprinting
• 5. Evolution
  • Topic 1: Origin of Life
  • Topic 2: Evidences for Evolution
  • Topic 3: Theories of Evolution
  • Topic 4: Hardy-Weinberg Principle
  • Topic 5: A Brief Account of Evolution
• 6. Human Health and Diseases
  • Topic 1: Common Infectious Diseases in man
  • Topic 2: Human Immune System and Immunity
  • Topic 3: Allergy, Autoimmunity, AIDS
  • Topic 4: Cancer
  • Topic 5: Drugs, Smoking and Alcohol Abuse
• 7. Microbes in human welfare
  • Topic 1: Microbes in Household and Industrial Products
  • Topic 2: Microbes in Sewage treatment and Biogas production
  • Topic 3: Microbes as Biocontrol agents and Biofertilizers
• 8. Biodiversity and Conservation
  • Topic 1: Biodiversity: Levels, Richness, Patterns, Importance
  • Topic 2: Loss of Biodiversity
  • Topic 3: Biodiversity Conservation

👉 Class 11 Web Notes