NEET Topic-wise & A
Topic 1: TYPES OF EXCRETION AND EXCRETORY ORGANS
Model Questions
01. Select the wrong statement from the following regarding ammonotelism.
(1) NH₃ is more toxic than urea and uric acid.
(2) In fishes, NH₃ is excreted through kidneys as ammonium ions.
(3) NH₃ is readily soluble in water.
(4) Excretion of NH₃ needs excess of water.
✅ (2) In fishes, NH₃ is excreted through kidneys as ammonium ions.
02. Which of the following is not uricotelic?
(1) Birds
(2) Aquatic insects
(3) Land insects
(4) Land snails
✅ (2) Aquatic insects
03. Urinary bladder is absent in
(1) Aves
(2) Reptiles
(3) Amphibians
(4) Mammal
✅ (1) Aves
04. Which one of the following characteristics is common both in human and adult frog?
(1) Four-chambered heart
(2) Internal fertilization
(3) Nucleated RBCs
(4) Ureotelism
✅ (4) Ureotelism
05. Protonephridia or flame cells are excretory organ of
(1) Flatworms only
(2) Flatworms and Roundworms
(3) Flatworms, rotifers, some annelids & cephalochordate
(4) Flatworms, roundworms, annelids & urochordates
✅ (3) Flatworms, rotifers, some annelids & cephalochordate
Topic 2: HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM
NEET: Previous Years Questions
06. Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.
(1) Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.
(2) Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.
(3) Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
(4) Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons. (NEET 2024)
✅ (3) Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
07. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla.
Reason R: Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(2) A is true but R is false.
(3) A is false but R is true.
(4) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (NEET 2023)
✅ (2) A is true but R is false.
Model Questions
08. Identify A to D in the given structure and choose the correct option accordingly.
(1) A= calyx, B= cortex, C= renal column, D= ureter
(2) A= medulla, B= cortex, C= renal pelvis, D= urethra
(3) A= calyx, B= cortex, C= renal pelvis, D= urethra
(4) A= medulla, B= cortex, C= renal column, D= ureter
✅ (1) A= calyx, B= cortex, C= renal column, D= ureter
09. Which of the following is not a part of a nephron?
(1) Glomerulus
(2) Malpighian tubules
(3) Malpighian body
(4) Bowman’s capsule
✅ (2) Malpighian tubules
10. Podocytes are present in
(1) Urinary bladder
(2) Bowman’s capsule
(3) Collecting duct
(4) Glomerulus
✅ (2) Bowman’s capsule
11. Malpighian body is
(1) Glomerulus + Proximal convoluted tubule
(2) Glomerulus + Distal convoluted tubule
(3) Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule
(4) Proximal convoluted tubule + Distal convoluted tubule
✅ (3) Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule
12. In nephron, a minute vessel of peritubular capillary network runs parallel to Henle’s loop forming
(1) Afferent arteriole
(2) Efferent arteriole
(3) Glomerulus
(4) Vasa recta
✅ (4) Vasa recta
13. Diagram showing the structure of a typical nephron is given below. Label P, Q, R & S.
(1) P= Efferent arteriole, Q= Afferent arteriole, R= PCT, S= DCT
(2) P= Afferent arteriole, Q= Efferent arteriole, R= DCT, S= PCT
(3) P= Efferent arteriole, Q= Afferent arteriole, R= DCT, S= PCT
(4) P= Afferent arteriole, Q= Efferent arteriole, R= PCT, S= DCT
✅ (4) P= Afferent arteriole, Q= Efferent arteriole, R= PCT, S= DCT
14. The vessel that takes blood away from the glomerulus is
(1) Renal artery
(2) Renal vein
(3) Efferent arteriole
(4) Afferent arteriole
✅ (3) Efferent arteriole
Topic 3: URINE FORMATION (PHYSIOLOGY OF KIDNEY)
NEET: Previous Years Questions
15. Given below are two statements: (NEET 2024)
Statement I: In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes.
Statement II: The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the option given below:
(1) Both statement I and Statement II are true
(2) Both statement I and Statement II are false
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
✅ (2) Both statement I and Statement II are false
16. Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
(1) Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
(2) Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
(3) Secretion of erythropoietin by juxta-glomerular complex.
(4) Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration. (NEET 2019)
✅ (2) Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
17. Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:
i ii iii iv
(1) d e b c
(2) d a b c
(3) e d a b
(4) e d a c (NEET 2018)
✅ (2) d a b c
18. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
(2) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.
(3) The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes.
(4) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water. (NEET 2017)
✅ (4) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
19. The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
(1) distal convoluted tubule
(2) proximal convoluted tubule
(3) Bowman’s capsule
(4) descending limb of Henle’s loop. (NEET-II 2016)
✅ (2) proximal convoluted tubule
Model Questions
20. The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through three layers in a sequence of
(1) Endothelium → Basement membrane → Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
(2) Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule → Endothelium → Basement membrane
(3) Basement membrane → Endothelium → Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
(4) Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule → Basement membrane → Endothelium
✅ (1) Endothelium → Basement membrane → Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
21. Amount of glomerular filtrate formed daily is
(1) 125 ml
(2) 180 ml
(3) 125 ltr
(4) 180 ltr
✅ (4) 180 ltr
22. Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occurs in
(1) Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)
(2) Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT)
(3) Descending limb of loop of Henle
(4) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
✅ (1) Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)
23. Conditional Reabsorption of water and Na+ takes place in
(1) PCT
(2) Loop of Henle
(3) DCT
(4) Glomerulus
✅ (3) DCT
24. Which of the following ions are co-transported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
(1) Sodium & bicarbonate
(2) Sodium & chloride
(3) Potassium & chloride
(4) Potassium & phosphate
✅ (2) Sodium & chloride
25. Select the true statements regarding Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
a. Tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate
b. Tubular secretion adds glucose and amino acids to blood
c. Tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate
d. Tubular reabsorption removes nitrogenous wastes from blood
(1) a & b are correct
(2) a & c are correct
(3) b & c are correct
(4) b & d are correct
✅ (2) a & c are correct
26. Countercurrent system of kidney includes mainly
(1) Henle’s loop & vasa recta
(2) PCT & DCT
(3) Glomerulus
(4) Collecting duct
✅ (1) Henle’s loop & vasa recta
27. In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolarity highest?
(1) End of proximal convoluted tubule
(2) Tip of the loop of Henle
(3) End of distal convoluted tubule
(4) Beginning of distal convoluted tubule
✅ (2) Tip of the loop of Henle
28. Match the following columns:
(1) a-4 b-3 c-2 d-1
(2) a-3 b-1 c-4 d-2
(3) a-2 b-3 c-4 d-1
(4) a-2 b-3 c-1 d-4
✅ (3) a-2 b-3 c-4 d-1
29. How much times concentrated urine is generally produced by human kidney than the initial filtrate formed?
(1) 2 times
(2) 3 times
(3) 4 times
(4) 6 times
✅ (3) 4 times
30. If Henle’s loop is absent in mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?
(1) Hardly any change in quality and quantity of urine formed
(2) Urine will be more concentrated
(3) Urine will be more dilute
(4) No urine formation
✅ (3) Urine will be more dilute
Topic 4: REGULATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION, ROLE OF OTHER ORGANS
NEET: Previous Years Questions
31. Which of the following statements are correct?
A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors.
B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis.
C. ANF causes vasodilation.
D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure.
E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) B, C and D only
(2) A, B and E only
(3) C, D and E only
(4) A and B only (NEET 2023)
✅ (1) B, C and D only
32. Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
(1) Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction
(2) Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
(3) More water reabsorption due to under secretion of ADH
(4) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone (NEET 2020)
✅ (4) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone
33. A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of (NEET 2017)
(1) atrial natriuretic factor
(2) aldosterone
(3) ADH
(4) renin
✅ (1) atrial natriuretic factor
Model Questions
34. Osmoreceptors of body is activated due to changes in
(1) Blood volume
(2) Body fluid volume
(3) Ionic concentration
(4) All of these
✅ (4) All of these
35. Angiotensinogen is activated to angiotensin by the action of
(1) Aldosterone
(2) Rennin
(3) Renin
(4) ANF
✅ (3) Renin
36. Which of the following is opposite in action?
(1) ADH & renin
(2) ADH & aldosterone
(3) Renin & Aldosterone
(4) Renin & ANF
✅ (4) Renin & ANF
37. A person passes much urine and drinks much water but his blood glucose level is normal. This may be due to
(1) Reduction of insulin secretion from pancreas
(2) Reduction of vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary
(3) Fall in glucose concentration in urine
(4) Increase in secretion of glucagon
✅ (2) Reduction of vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary
38. Which of the following is not an accessory excretory organ in human?
(1) Heart
(2) Liver
(3) Skin
(4) Lungs
✅ (1) Heart
Topic 5: MICTURITION, DISORDERS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM
NEET: Previous Years Questions
39. Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?
(1) Ketonuria and Glycosuria
(2) Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia
(3) Uremia and Ketonuria
(4) Uremia and Renal Calculi (NEET 2020)
✅ (1) Ketonuria and Glycosuria
40. Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in:
(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
(d) Reduced RBC production
Which of the following options is the most appropriate?
(1) (a) and (b) are correct
(2) (b) and (c) are correct
(3) (c) and (d) are correct
(4) (a) and (d) are correct (NEET 2019)
✅ (3) (c) and (d) are correct
41. Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:
i ii iii iv
(1) c b d a
(2) a b c d
(3) b c a d
(4) d a b c (NEET 2018)
✅ (4) d a b c
Model Questions
42. Micturition is
(1) Release of urine
(2) Gradual filling of urinary bladder
(3) Labour or delivery
(4) Malfunctioning of kidney
✅ (1) Release of urine
43. Accumulation of urea in blood is called
(1) Uremia
(2) Ketonuria
(3) Glycosuria
(4) Haematuria
✅ (1) Uremia
44. Formation of stone or insoluble mass of crystallized salts (oxalates, etc.) within the kidney is termed as
(1) Haematuria
(2) Renal calculi
(3) Glomerulonephritis
(4) Hypocalcemia
✅ (2) Renal calculi
45. Following are 3 statements. Find out correct combination.
i. Glucose has high threshold value.
ii. Haemodialyzer removes urea, uric acid, water, glucose
iii. Plasma proteins are filtered out during glomerular filtration
(1) 1,2,3
(2) 2,3
(3) 1,2
(4) 1 only
✅ (4) 1 only
46. Which of the following statements is wrong in relation to haemodialysis?
(1) The dialyzing unit contains a coiled cellophane tube surrounded by dialyzing fluid
(2) The dialyzing fluid has same composition of blood plasma except the nitrogenous wastes
(3) The cleared blood is pumped back to the body after adding anti-heparin to it
(4) Blood drained from a convenient vein is pumped into dialyzing unit after adding an anticoagulant
✅ (4) Blood drained from a convenient vein is pumped into dialyzing unit after adding an anticoagulant