|
Microbes |
Group |
Uses |
|
1.
Acetobacter
aceti |
Bacterium |
Acetic acid |
|
2.
Aspergillus
niger |
Fungus |
Citric acid |
|
3.
Azospirillum |
Bacterium |
Nitrogen fixation, biofertilizer |
|
4.
Azotobacter |
Bacterium |
Nitrogen fixation, biofertilizer |
|
5.
Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) |
Bacterium |
Biocontrol of butterfly caterpillar |
|
6.
Baculoviruses
(mainly
nucleopolyhedrovirus) |
Virus |
Biocontrol of insects and other arthropods. Used
in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). |
|
7.
Clostridium
butyilicum |
Bacterium |
Butyric acid |
|
8.
Cyanobacteria
(blue green algae) |
Bacteria |
Nitrogen fixation, biofertilizer |
|
9.
Lactobacillus
(LAB) |
Bacterium |
Lactic acid, milk to curd |
|
10.
Methanobacterium
(methanogens) |
Bacterium |
Biogas (CH4) production i.e.,
source of energy |
|
11.
Monascus
purpureus |
Fungus
(a yeast) |
Statins (blood cholesterol lowering agents) |
|
12.
Mycorrhiza |
Fungi (E.g.
Glomus) + plant |
Biofertilizer |
|
13.
Penicillium
notatum |
Fungus
(mould) |
Penicillin (First antibiotic discovered by
Alexander Fleming). |
|
14.
Penicillium
roqueforti |
Fungus |
Roquefort cheese |
|
15.
Propionibacterium
shermanii |
Bacterium |
In Swiss cheese formation |
|
16.
Rhizobium |
Bacterium |
Nitrogen fixation, biofertilizer |
|
17.
Saccharomyces
cerevisie (Baker’s yeast or
Brewer’s yeast) |
Fungus |
Production of beverages, bread by fermenting
dough, ethanol etc. |
|
18.
Streptococcus |
Bacterium |
Streptokinase (a clot buster) |
|
19.
Trichoderma
polysporum |
Fungus |
Cyclosporine A (An immunosuppressive agent) |
|
20.
Trichoderma
sp |
Fungus |
Biocontrol |
· Lipases: Used in detergent to remove oily stains from the laundry.
· Pectinases
& Proteases: To clarify bottled juices.
Steps of Sewage treatment:
•
STP: Sewage Treatment
Plant.
•
BOD: Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (amount of O2 needed to oxidize
all organic compounds in 1 litre of water.
Technology of biogas production in India was developed by:
• IARI: Indian Agricultural Research Institute
• KVIC: Khadi & Village Industries Commission.